1. How To Read Expiration Code
2. How Do You Read Hostess Age Codes List
3. How To Read Hostess Expiration Codes

Lua (/ˈluːə/LOO-ə; from Portuguese: lua[ˈlu.(w)ɐ] meaning moon)^[a] is a lightweight, multi-paradigmprogramming language designed primarily for embedded use in applications.^[3] Lua is cross-platform, since the interpreter of compiled bytecode is written in ANSI C,^[4] and Lua has a relatively simple C API to embed it into applications.^[5]

Lua was originally designed in 1993 as a language for extending software applications to meet the increasing demand for customization at the time. It provided the basic facilities of most procedural programming languages, but more complicated or domain-specific features were not included; rather, it included mechanisms for extending the language, allowing programmers to implement such features. As Lua was intended to be a general embeddable extension language, the designers of Lua focused on improving its speed, portability, extensibility, and ease-of-use in development.

The vast majority of Omron ECB products use the date code as shown in Method. Products use date codes that are outlined on the following pages. What others are saying 'Restaurant Accounting & Finance: Restaurant food cost and profitability.' 'Hostesses get to deal with all the irate, inebriated customers that servers do, with way fewer tips.

• 2Features

History[edit]

Lua was created in 1993 by Roberto Ierusalimschy, Luiz Henrique de Figueiredo, and Waldemar Celes, members of the Computer Graphics Technology Group (Tecgraf) at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil.

From 1977 until 1992, Brazil had a policy of strong trade barriers (called a market reserve) for computer hardware and software. In that atmosphere, Tecgraf's clients could not afford, either politically or financially, to buy customized software from abroad. Those reasons led Tecgraf to implement the basic tools it needed from scratch.^[6]

Lua's predecessors were the, Lua being the word for 'Moon'). Lua syntax for control structures was mostly borrowed from Modula (if, while, repeat/until), but also had taken influence from CLU (multiple assignments and multiple returns from function calls, as a simpler alternative to reference parameters or explicit pointers), C++ ('neat idea of allowing a local variable to be declared only where we need it'^[6]), SNOBOL and AWK (associative arrays). In an article published in Dr. Dobb's Journal, Lua's creators also state that LISP and Scheme with their single, ubiquitous language, providing a small set of general features that can be extended to fit different problem types. Lua does not contain explicit support for inheritance, but allows it to be implemented with metatables. Similarly, Lua allows programmers to implement namespaces, classes, and other related features using its single table implementation; first-class functions allow the employment of many techniques from functional programming; and full lexical scoping allows fine-grained information hiding to enforce the principle of least privilege.

In general, Lua strives to provide simple, flexible meta-features that can be extended as needed, rather than supply a feature-set specific to one programming paradigm. As a result, the base language is light—the full reference interpreter is only about 247 kB compiled^[4]—and easily adaptable to a broad range of applications.

Lua is a dynamically typed language intended for use as an extension or scripting language and is compact enough to fit on a variety of host platforms. It supports only a small number of atomic data structures such as boolean values, numbers (double-precision floating point and 64-bit integers by default), and strings. Typical data structures such as arrays, sets, lists, and records can be represented using Lua's single native data structure, the table, which is essentially a heterogeneous associative array.

Lua implements a small set of advanced features such as first-class functions, garbage collection, closures, proper tail calls, coercion (automatic conversion between string and number values at run time), coroutines (cooperative multitasking) and dynamic module loading.

Syntax[edit]

The classic 'Hello, World!' program can be written as follows:^[9]

or like so:

A comment in Lua starts with a double-hyphen and runs to the end of the line, similar to that of Ada, Eiffel, Haskell, SQL and VHDL. Multi-line strings & comments are adorned with double square brackets.

The factorial function is implemented as a function in this example:

Control flow[edit]

Lua has four types of loops: the while loop, the repeat loop (similar to a do while loop), the numeric for loop, and the generic for loop.

The generic for loop:

would iterate over the table _G using the standard iterator function pairs, until it returns nil.

You can also do a nested loop, which is a loop inside of another loop.

Functions[edit]

Lua's treatment of functions as first-class values is shown in the following example, where the print function's behavior is modified:

Any future calls to print will now be routed through the new function, and because of Lua's lexical scoping, the old print function will only be accessible by the new, modified print.

Lua also supports closures, as demonstrated below:

A new closure for the variable x is created every time addto is called, so that each new anonymous function returned will always access its own x parameter. The closure is managed by Lua's garbage collector, just like any other object.

Tables[edit]

Tables are the most important data structures (and, by design, the only built-in composite data type) in Lua and are the foundation of all user-created types. They are conceptually similar to associative arrays in PHP, dictionaries in Python and hashes in Ruby or Perl.

A table is a collection of key and data pairs, where the data is referenced by key; in other words, it is a hashed heterogeneous associative array.

Tables are created using the {} constructor syntax.

Tables are always passed by reference (see Call by sharing).

A key (index) can be any value except nil and NaN, including functions.

A table is often used as structure (or record) by using strings as keys. Because such use is very common, Lua features a special syntax for accessing such fields.^[10]

By using a table to store related functions, it can act as a namespace.

Tables are automatically assigned a numerical key, enabling them to be used as an array data type. The first automatic index is 1 rather than 0 as it is for many other programming languages (though an explicit index of 0 is allowed).

A numeric key 1 is distinct from a string key '1'.

The length of a table t is defined to be any integer index n such that t[n] is not nil and t[n+1] is nil; moreover, if t[1] is nil, n can be zero. For a regular array, with non-nil values from 1 to a given n, its length is exactly that n, the index of its last value. If the array has 'holes' (that is, nil values between other non-nil values), then #t can be any of the indices that directly precedes a nil value (that is, it may consider any such nil value as the end of the array).^[11]

A table can be an array of objects.

Using a hash map to emulate an array normally is slower than using an actual array; however, Lua tables are optimized for use as arrays to help avoid this issue.^[12]

I have pirated version of Windows 7 in my machine. But now I bought License for Windows 7. Is it possible I can change my product key with. Dec 7, 2016 - In this guide, we'll show you five ways to bring up the activation tool to change the product key on Windows 10. Do you need to change your product key so you can activate Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8 or Windows 10? There are two methods that will help you. Change serial number windows. Knowing how to change a Windows serial number is vital when your computer is locked out from receiving essential Windows updates, which provide the. You might have to change your Windows product key if your current key isn't valid. Here's how to do it in Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista, or XP.

Metatables[edit]

Extensible semantics is a key feature of Lua, and the metatable concept allows Lua's tables to be customized in powerful ways. The following example demonstrates an 'infinite' table. For any n, fibs[n] will give the n-th Fibonacci number using dynamic programming and memoization.

Object-oriented programming[edit]

Although Lua does not have a built-in concept of classes, object-oriented programming can be achieved using two language features: first-class functions and tables. By placing functions and related data into a table, an object is formed. Inheritance (both single and multiple) can be implemented using the metatable mechanism, telling the object to look up nonexistent methods and fields in parent object(s).

There is no such concept as 'class' with these techniques; rather, prototypes are used, similar to Self or JavaScript. New objects are created either with a factory method (that constructs new objects from scratch) or by cloning an existing object.

Lua provides some syntactic sugar to facilitate object orientation. To declare member functions inside a prototype table, one can use functiontable:func(args), which is equivalent to functiontable.func(self,args). Calling class methods also makes use of the colon: object:func(args) is equivalent to object.func(object,args).

Creating a basic vector object:

Implementation[edit]

Lua programs are not interpreted directly from the textual Lua file, but are compiled into bytecode, which is then run on the Lua virtual machine. The compilation process is typically invisible to the user and is performed during run-time, but it can be done offline in order to increase loading performance or reduce the memory footprint of the host environment by leaving out the compiler. Lua bytecode can also be produced and executed from within Lua, using the dump function from the string library and the load/loadstring/loadfile functions. Lua version 5.3.4 is implemented in approximately 24,000 lines of C code.^[3][4]

Like most CPUs, and unlike most virtual machines (which are stack-based), the Lua VM is register-based, and therefore more closely resembles an actual hardware design. The register architecture both avoids excessive copying of values and reduces the total number of instructions per function. The virtual machine of Lua 5 is one of the first register-based pure VMs to have a wide use.^[13]Perl'sParrot and Android's Dalvik are two other well-known register-based VMs.

This example is the bytecode listing of the factorial function defined above (as shown by the luac 5.1 compiler):^[14]

C API[edit]

Lua is intended to be embedded into other applications, and provides a CAPI for this purpose. The API is divided into two parts: the Lua core and the Lua auxiliary library.^[15] The Lua API's design eliminates the need for manual reference management in C code, unlike Python's API. The API, like the language, is minimalistic. Advanced functionality is provided by the auxiliary library, which consists largely of preprocessormacros which assist with complex table operations.

The Lua C API is stack based. Lua provides functions to push and pop most simple C data types (integers, floats, etc.) to and from the stack, as well as functions for manipulating tables through the stack. The Lua stack is somewhat different from a traditional stack; the stack can be indexed directly, for example. Negative indices indicate offsets from the top of the stack. For example, −1 is the top (most recently pushed value), while positive indices indicate offsets from the bottom (oldest value). Marshalling data between C and Lua functions is also done using the stack. To call a Lua function, arguments are pushed onto the stack, and then the lua_call is used to call the actual function. When writing a C function to be directly called from Lua, the arguments are read from the stack.

Here is an example of calling a Lua function from C:

Running this example gives:

The C API also provides some special tables, located at various 'pseudo-indices' in the Lua stack. At LUA_GLOBALSINDEX prior to Lua 5.2^[16] is the globals table, _G from within Lua, which is the main namespace. There is also a registry located at LUA_REGISTRYINDEX where C programs can store Lua values for later retrieval.

It is possible to write extension modules using the Lua API. Extension modules are shared objects which can be used to extend the functionality of the interpreter by providing native facilities to Lua scripts. From the Lua side, such a module appears as a namespace table holding its functions and variables. Lua scripts may load extension modules using require,^[15] just like modules written in Lua itself. A growing collection of modules known as rocks are available through a package management system called LuaRocks,^[17] in the spirit of CPAN, RubyGems and Python eggs. Prewritten Lua bindings exist for most popular programming languages, including other scripting languages.^[18] For C++, there are a number of template-based approaches and some automatic binding generators.

Applications[edit]

In video game development, Lua is widely used as a scripting language by game programmers, perhaps due to its perceived easiness to embed, fast execution, and short learning curve.^[19]

In 2003, a poll conducted by GameDev.net showed Lua as the most popular scripting language for game programming.^[20] On 12 January 2012, Lua was announced as a winner of the Front Line Award 2011 from the magazine Game Developer in the category Programming Tools.^[21]

A large number of non-game applications also use Lua for extensibility, such as LuaTeX, an implementation of the TeX type-setting language, Redis, a key-value database, and Nginx, a web server.

Through the Scribunto extension, Lua is available as a scripting language in the MediaWiki software that powers Wikipedia and other wikis.^{[22][23][circular reference]} Among its uses are allowing the integration of data from Wikidata into articles,^[24] and powering the automated taxobox system.

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^The name is commonly, but incorrectly, rendered as 'LUA'. This is incorrect because the name is not an acronym.

References[edit]

1. ^'Dragon and other programming languages'.
2. ^Ring Team (5 December 2017). 'The Ring programming language and other languages'. ring-lang.net. ring-lang.
3. ^ ^abIerusalimschy, Roberto; de Figueiredo, Luiz Henrique; Filho, Waldemar Celes (June 1996). 'Lua—An Extensible Extension Language'. Software: Practice and Experience. 26 (6): 635–652. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-024X(199606)26:6<635::AID-SPE26>3.0.CO;2-P. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
4. ^ ^abc'About Lua'. Lua.org. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
5. ^Yuri Takhteyev (21 April 2013). 'From Brazil to Wikipedia'. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
6. ^ ^abcdIerusalimschy, R.; Figueiredo, L. H.; Celes, W. (2007). 'The evolution of Lua'(PDF). Proc. of ACM HOPL III. pp. 2–1–2–26. doi:10.1145/1238844.1238846. ISBN978-1-59593-766-7.^{[dead link]}
7. ^'The evolution of an extension language: a history of Lua'. 2001. Retrieved 18 December 2008.
8. ^Figueiredo, L. H.; Ierusalimschy, R.; Celes, W. (December 1996). 'Lua: an Extensible Embedded Language. A few metamechanisms replace a host of features'. Dr. Dobb's Journal. 21 (12). pp. 26–33.
9. ^'Programming in Lua : 1'.
10. ^'Lua 5.1 Reference Manual'. 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
11. ^'Lua 5.1 Reference Manual'. 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
12. ^'Lua 5.1 Source Code'. 2006. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
13. ^Ierusalimschy, R.; Figueiredo, L. H.; Celes, W. (2005). 'The implementation of Lua 5.0'. J. Of Universal Comp. Sci. 11 (7): 1159–1176.
14. ^Kein-Hong Man (2006). 'A No-Frills Introduction to Lua 5.1 VM Instructions'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 19 June 2010. Retrieved 20 December 2008.
15. ^ ^ab'Lua 5.2 Reference Manual'. Lua.org. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
16. ^'Changes in the API'. Lua 5.2 Reference Manual. Lua.org. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
17. ^'LuaRocks'. LuaRocks wiki. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
18. ^'Binding Code To Lua'. Lua-users wiki. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
19. ^'Why is Lua considered a game language?'. Archived from the original on 20 August 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2017.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
20. ^'Poll Results'. Archived from the original on 7 December 2003. Retrieved 22 April 2017.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
21. ^'Front Line Award Winners Announced'. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2017.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
22. ^'Extension:Scribunto - MediaWiki'. MediaWiki.org. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
23. ^'Wikipedia:Lua'. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
24. ^'Wikidata:Infobox Tutorial - Wikidata'. www.wikidata.org. Retrieved 21 December 2018.

Further reading[edit]

How To Read Expiration Code

• Ierusalimschy, R. (2013). Programming in Lua (3rd ed.). Lua.org. ISBN978-85-903798-5-0. (The 1st ed. is available online.)
• Gutschmidt, T. (2003). Game Programming with Python, Lua, and Ruby. Course Technology PTR. ISBN978-1-59200-077-7.
• Schuytema, P.; Manyen, M. (2005). Game Development with Lua. Charles River Media. ISBN978-1-58450-404-7.
• Jung, K.; Brown, A. (2007). Beginning Lua Programming. Wrox Press. ISBN978-0-470-06917-2. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
• Figueiredo, L. H.; Celes, W.; Ierusalimschy, R., eds. (2008). Lua Programming Gems. Lua.org. ISBN978-85-903798-4-3.
• Takhteyev, Yuri (2012). Coding Places: Software Practice in a South American City. The MIT Press. ISBN978-0-262-01807-4. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Chapters 6 and 7 are dedicated to Lua, while others look at software in Brazil more broadly.
• Varma, Jayant (2012). Learn Lua for iOS Game Development. Apress. ISBN978-1-4302-4662-6.
• Matheson, Ash (29 April 2003). 'An Introduction to Lua'. GameDev.net. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
• Fieldhouse, Keith (16 February 2006). 'Introducing Lua'. ONLamp.com. O'Reilly Media. Archived from the original on 12 March 2006. Retrieved 28 February 2006.
• Streicher, Martin (28 April 2006). 'Embeddable scripting with Lua'. developerWorks. IBM.
• Quigley, Joseph (1 June 2007). 'A Look at Lua'. Linux Journal.
• Hamilton, Naomi (11 September 2008). 'The A-Z of Programming Languages: Lua'. Computerworld. IDG. Interview with Roberto Ierusalimschy.
• Ierusalimschy, Roberto; de Figueiredo, Luiz Henrique; Celes, Waldemar (12 May 2011). 'Passing a Language through the Eye of a Needle'. ACM Queue. How the embeddability of Lua impacted its design.
• Ierusalimschy, Roberto; de Figueiredo, Luiz Henrique; Celes, Waldemar (November 2018). 'A Look at the Design of Lua'. Communications of the ACM. 61 (11): 114–123. doi:10.1145/3186277.

External links[edit]

How Do You Read Hostess Age Codes List

• Lua Users, Community

How To Read Hostess Expiration Codes